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Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of piston compressor

November 8,2021.

Compressors are divided into reciprocating piston compressors, screw compressors, centrifugal compressors, linear compressors, etc. If you want to know more about the trends of compressor related industries, it is a good way to participate in the compressor exhibition. Shanghai compressor exhibition attracts many enterprises to participate.

according to the compressed medium, it can be divided into: natural gas compressor,

air compressor, nitrogen compressor, hydrogen compressor, oxygen compressor, carbon dioxide compressor, carbon monoxide compressor, BOG compressor (after LNG reheating), regeneration gas compressor, associated gas compressor, mixed gas compressor, coking gas compressor, desorbed gas compressor, methane compressor, CNG compressor, LPG compressor, ammonia compressor, propylene oxide compressor, propane compressor, Propylene compressor, Butadiene compressor, helium compressor, Methyl chloride compressor and so on.

When the crankshaft of the piston compressor rotates, the piston moves back and forth through the transmission of the connecting rod, and the working volume composed of the inner wall of the cylinder, the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston will change periodically. When the piston of the piston compressor starts to move from the cylinder head, the working volume in the cylinder gradually increases. At this time, the gas pushes the inlet valve along the inlet pipe and enters the cylinder until the working volume reaches the maximum, and the inlet valve is closed; When the piston of the piston compressor moves in the opposite direction, the working volume in the cylinder decreases and the gas pressure increases. When the pressure in the cylinder reaches and is slightly higher than the exhaust pressure, the exhaust valve opens and the gas is discharged from the cylinder until the piston moves to the limit position, and the exhaust valve closes. When the piston of the piston compressor moves in the opposite direction again, the above process repeats.

In short, the crankshaft of the piston compressor rotates once, the piston reciprocates once, and the process of intake, compression and exhaust is realized successively in the cylinder, that is, a working cycle is completed.

advantage:
(1) The required pressure can be obtained regardless of the flow. The exhaust pressure has a wide range, and the maximum pressure can reach 320MPa (industrial application), or even 700MPa (in the laboratory);
(2) The single machine capacity is any flow below 500m3 / min;
(3) In the general pressure range, the requirements for materials are low. Ordinary steel materials are mostly used, which is easy to process and low cost;
(4) The thermal efficiency is high. Generally, the thermal insulation efficiency of large and medium-sized units can reach about 0.7 ~ 0.85;
(5) When adjusting the air volume, it has strong adaptability, that is, it has a wide exhaust range and is not affected by the pressure, and can adapt to a wide pressure range and refrigeration capacity requirements;
(6) The weight and characteristics of gas have little effect on the working performance of compressor. The same compressor can be used for different gases;
(7) The driving machine is relatively simple. Most of them use motors, which generally do not adjust speed and have strong maintainability;
(8) Piston compressor is relatively mature in technology and has accumulated rich experience in production and use;

Disadvantages:
(1) The structure is complex and bulky, with many vulnerable parts, large floor area, high investment, large maintenance workload and short service life, but it can reach more than 8000 hours through efforts;
(2) The rotating speed is not high, the volume of the machine is large and heavy, and the exhaust volume of a single machine is generally less than 500m3 / min;
(3) Vibration during machine operation;
(4) The exhaust is discontinuous and the air flow has pulsation, which is easy to cause pipeline vibration. In serious cases, the pipe network or parts are often damaged due to air flow pulsation and resonance;
(5) The flow regulation adopts auxiliary volume or bypass valve. Although it is simple, convenient and reliable, it has large power loss and reduced efficiency during partial load operation;
(6) For compressors lubricated with oil, the oil in the gas needs to be removed;
(7) When multiple compressor units are used in large factories, there are many operators or work intensity is high.
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